ショーレム・アッシュのソースを表示

[[ファイル:Sholem Asch.jpg|thumb|ショーレム・アッシュ]]
'''ショーレム・アッシュ'''（'''Sholem Asch''', '''Szalom Asz(Asch)''', [[1880年]][[11月1日]] - [[1957年]][[7月10日]]）は[[ポーランド]]の[[イディッシュ語]]作家。

小[[商人]]の子として生まれる。青年時代、[[ワルシャワ]]に移住。

故郷の生活を描いた短篇集「町（ドス・[[シュテットル]]） ''Dos Shtetl''（[[1905年]]）」で作家として名声を得る。初期は[[戯曲]]を中心に発表したが、[[1910年]]頃から多数の長篇作品を書くようになった。

== 著作 ==

* ''Dos Shtetl'' / "''A Shtetl''" ("The Village", ドス・[[シュテットル]]) [[1904年]]/[[1905年]] or earlier. Story.
* ''Mitn Shtrom'' (''With the Stream'') 1904 novel and play
* ''Der Got fun Nekomeh'' (''God of Vengeance'', 復讐の神) 1907, 戯曲<!--play-->
* ''Reb Shloyme Nogid'' (1913), novel
* ''Mary'', 1917, play
* ''Der Veg tsu Zikh'' (''The Way to Oneself'') 1917, play 
* ''Motke Ganev'' (''Motke the Thief'') 1917, play
* ''Onkl Mozes'', 1918 (translated into English 1938), play
* ''Kiddush ha-Shem'', 1919 (translated into English 1926), novel
* ''Di Muter'', (''The Mother'') 1919 (translated into English 1930)
* ''Di Kishufmakherin fun Kastilien'' (''The Witch of Castile''), 1921
* ''Urteyl'' (''Death Sentence'') 1924
* ''Khaym Lederers Tsurikkumen'' (''The Return of Khaym Lederer''), 1927
* ''Farn Mabul'' trilogy (''Before the Flood'') 1929-31, ''Three Cities''として英訳、1933年、[[小説]]
* ''Gots Gefangene'' (''God's Captives'') 1933 
* ''Der Thilim Yid'', 1934, translated as ''Salvation''
* ''Bayrn Opgrunt'', 1937, translated as ''The Precipice''
* ''Three Novels'', 1938
* ''Dos Gezang fun Tol'' (''The Song of the Valley'') 1938 (translated into English 1939)
* ''The Nazarene''（ナザレ人） 1939年、小説
* 英訳 ''The Apostle'' 1943年、小説
* 英訳 ''Mary'' 1949年、小説、unrelated to his earlier work of the same name.
* ''The Prophet'' 1955年 

==外部リンク==
* &mdash;, [http://www.library.yale.edu/judaica/asch/aschbio.html Sholem Asch], on the site of the Yale University Library, Judaica Collection.
* Bell, June D., "[http://www.jewish-theater.com/visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=212 Sholem Asch's Yiddish drama God of Vengeance(1907)]" on the All About Yiddish Theater site.
* Umansky, Ellen, "[http://www.nextbook.org/cultural/feature.html?id=117 Asch's Passion]" on Nextbook, mostly about his controversial trilogy that began with ''The Nazarene''.

<!--
'''Sholem Asch''' ([[1880]] - [[1957]]), a.k.a. '''Shalom Asch''' was a [[United States of America|U.S.]] ([[Poland|Polish]]-born) [[Jew]]ish [[novel]]ist, dramatist, and essayist in the [[Yiddish]] language.

Born in [[Kutno]], Poland, one of ten children of a cattle-dealer and innkeeper, he received a traditional Jewish education; as a young man he followed that with a more [[liberal education]] obtained at [[Wloclawek]], where he supported himself as a letter writer for the illiterate Jewish townspeople. From there he moved to [[Warsaw]], where he met and married Mathilde Shapiro, the daughter of the Polish-Jewish writer, [[M.M. Shapiro]]. Influenced by the [[haskalah]] (Jewish Englightenment), initially Asch wrote in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], but [[I.L. Peretz]] convinced him to switch to Yiddish. 

He traveled to [[Palestine]] in 1908 and the U.S. in 1910. He sat out [[World War I]] in the U.S. and returned to Poland after the war. He later moved to [[France]], visited Palestine again in 1936, and settled in the U.S. in [[1938]].

His ''Kiddush ha-Shem'' (1919) is one of the earliest [[historical novel]]s in modern Yiddish literature, about the [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] [[Chmielnicki Uprising]] in mid-17th century [[Ukraine]] and Poland. When his 1907 drama ''God of Vengeance'' &mdash; which is set in a [[brothel]] and whose plot centers on a [[lesbian]] relationship &mdash; was performed on [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] in 1923, the entire cast was arrested and successfully prosecuted on [[obscenity]] charges, despite the fact that the play was enough of a standard in Europe that it had already been translated into German, Russian, Polish, Hebrew, Italian, Czech and Norwegian. His 1929&ndash;31 trilogy ''Farn Mabul'' (''Before the Flood'', translated as ''Three Cities'') describes early 20th century Jewish life in [[St. Petersburg]], Warsaw, and [[Moscow]]. His ''Bayrn Opgrunt'' (1937) is set in [[Germany]] during the [[hyperinflation]] of the [[1920s]]. ''Dos Gezang fun Tol'' (''The Song of the Valley'') is about the ''halutzim'' (Jewish "pioneers" in Palestine, and reflects his 1936 visit to that region. 

A celebrated writer in his own lifetime, a 12-volume set of his collected works were published in the early 1920s, and in 1932 he was awarded the Polish Republic's Polonia Restituta decoration and was elected honorary president of the Yiddish PEN Club. However, he was later to offend Jewish sensibilities with his 1939&ndash;1949 trilogy ''The Nazarene'', ''The Apostle'', and ''Mary'', which dealt with [[New Testament]] subjects. ''[[The Forward]]'', New York's leading Yiddish-language newspaper, not only dropped him as a writer, they openly attacked him for promoting [[Christianity]].

Asch spent most of his last years in [[Bat Yam]] near [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] (although he died in [[London]]. His house in Bat Yam is now the Sholem Asch Museum. The bulk of his library, containing rare Yiddish books and manuscripts, including the manuscripts of some of his own works, is at [[Yale University]].

His son, [[Moe Asch|Moses "Moe" Asch]] was the founder and head of [[Folkways Records]]. 
-->

[[Category:イディッシュ|あっしゅ]]
[[Category:ポーランドの小説家|あっしゅ]]
[[Category:1880年生|あつしゆしよおれむ]]
[[Category:1957年没|あつしゆしよおれむ]]